ECB’s Lagarde: We Want to Develop Digital Currencies but Won’t Discourage Private Initiatives

The European Central Bank is eager to expand its role in developing central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), but that doesn’t mean private enterprises can’t join the party, said President Christine Lagarde.

In an interview Wednesday with French business magazine, Challenges, Lagarde reiterated the ECB wants to play an active role in cryptocurrencies. As businesses and individuals make more cross-border payments round the clock, Lagarde said the bank would continue looking into “the feasibility and merits of a CBDC.”

Lagarde, who previously said the ECB should be “ahead of the curve” when it comes to CBDCs, added the bank does not want to stand in the way of cryptocurrencies created outside its sphere. “[T]he prospect of central bank initiatives should neither discourage nor crowd out private market-led solutions for fast and efficient retail payments in the euro area,” she said.

CBDCs may have significant implications for the bloc’s financial sector and changes in monetary policy going forward, Lagarde said. The ECB formed a cryptocurrency task force last month that would work closely with eurozone central banks to understand the benefits and costs of a possible eurozone CBDC.

Global interest in CBDCs came soon after the unveiling of Facebook’s Libra in the summer. Although the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) has been working on its “digital yuan” for years, officials only started divulging information on it late last summer, reportedly concerned private initiatives could take market share before the government currency launched.

In addition, CBDCs may provide citizens with a means of exchange in the event “physical cash eventually declines,” possibly in tandem with private crypto initiatives.

Most central bankers have described the relationship between cryptocurrencies, CBDCs and fiat currencies as exclusive and adversarial. Outgoing Bank of England Governor Mark Carney said last year a multi-fiat-backed CBDC could well replace the U.S. dollar as the dominant global reserve currency. IMF Chief Economist Gita Gopinath argued cryptocurrencies, including CBDCs, lacked key infrastructure and global acceptance to successfully tackle the greenback.

Although Lagarde has said cryptocurrencies could address many of the problems with the legacy financial system, she said they might also present new risks to users. Last month, she expressed concern Facebook could use its digital platform to lock out rival stablecoin operators and thereby gain an unfair advantage.